When you have a compromised skin barrier, almost anything can irritate your skin. Several reasons can cause this irritation:
- Reduced protection: The skin barrier, primarily composed of the stratum corneum (the outermost layer of the epidermis), acts as a protective shield. When compromised, it's less effective at keeping irritants, allergens, and pathogens out; a weakened barrier allows more substances to penetrate the skin, including potential irritants that would normally be blocked.
- Moisture loss: The barrier helps retain moisture in the skin. When compromised, the skin loses water more easily, leading to dryness, which can cause irritation and itching.
- Altered pH: A healthy skin barrier maintains a slightly acidic pH, which is important for proper skin function and defense against pathogens. A compromised barrier will have a pH imbalance, making the skin more susceptible to irritation.
- Inflammation: The barrier damage itself can trigger low-level inflammation, making the skin more reactive to stimuli that it might otherwise tolerate.
- Microbial imbalance: A healthy skin barrier supports a balanced skin microbiome. When compromised, it can lead to an overgrowth of potentially irritating microorganisms.
- Impaired healing: The barrier plays a role in the skin's repair processes. When compromised, the skin's ability to heal from minor damage is reduced, potentially prolonging irritation.
These factors combine to make the skin more sensitive and prone to irritation when the barrier is compromised. Protecting and restoring the skin barrier is often a key goal in treating various skin conditions.