Natural Moisturizing Factor (NMF) is a critical component found in the outermost layer of our skin, known as the stratum corneum. It consists of water-soluble compounds such as amino acids, urea, lactic acid, sodium PCA, sugars, minerals, and peptides. NMF plays a pivotal role in skin hydration, elasticity, barrier function, and shedding of skin cells.
NMF works alongside naturally occurring lipids to maintain the skin's surface robustness and suppleness by absorbing and retaining moisture. It is produced through the breakdown of a protein called filaggrin, which helps the skin absorb water without damaging its structure. This conversion process is controlled by the water activity within corneocytes (or skin cells) and takes about 28 days to complete.
Factors such as age, exposure to drying cleansers, sun damage, and inflammatory skin conditions can reduce NMF levels. In conditions like atopic dermatitis (eczema), decreased NMF production contributes to increased susceptibility to bacterial infections and skin cancer (since the skin cannot produce a key component of NMF that is responsible for filtering UV rays).
To enhance NMF levels and support skin health, it's essential to use products that promote skin barrier integrity and hydration. Additionally, certain skincare products are designed to mimic the skin's natural barrier to repair and nourish the outer layer effectively.